The spiritual significance of beads (Ubuhlalu) in the Zulu culture

Beads, known as ubuhlalu in the Zulu language, hold profound spiritual meaning within the culture. These vibrant ornaments are not only decorative, but they also serve as symbols of identity, connection to ancestors and spiritual guidance. Each colour represents spiritual meaning and ancestral connections. Traditionally worn by individuals with an ancestral calling. This calling may manifest as a dream, which can be interpreted by spiritual practitioners such as inyanga (divine healer) or a sangoma (tradtional healer). Their wisdom helps individuals navigate their spiritual responsibilities, including wearing of specific beads that resonate with their personal journeys, connecting with their spiritual lineage.  

Meaning of beads by colour

Each colour of beads has its own distinct significance, reflecting spiritual beliefs.

• White (Isithunywa somoya, phakamisa idlozi, kukhanya): White beads represent peace, luck and light. It is associated with spiritual purity. Wearing white beads can invite tranquillity and positivity into one's life, enhancing spiritual clarity and guidance.

• Yellow (Isithunywa): Yellow beads represent prophetic spirits. This colour is linked to intuition and foresight, guiding towards enlightenment, deeper understanding and being more in tune with spiritual messages and visions.

• Blue (Isithunywa samanzi): Blue beads represent the water spirit, healing and peace. This colour is associated with emotional well-being, the soothing aspects of spirituality and can help individuals find inner calm and stability.

• Red (Umndiki, Nguni): Red beads connect to our blood ancestors and symbolize protection. This colour embodies strength and vitality, this can create a sense of security and grounding, empowering against negativity. 

• Black (Ubugedla, amandla, ukucina): Black beads are powerful tools for blocking evil spirits and negative energies. This colour is linked to resilience, strength and act as a shield. 

• Green (UMlozi, idlozi lentaba): Green beads represent connection to the earth and the ancestral spirits associated with nature. This colour fosters growth, renewal, healing and signifies a strong bond with the natural world and an acknowledgement of nurturing aspects of one's lineage. 

Colour combination and their meaning

• White and blue (Umdau, sthunywa sentaba nesomoya): This combination represents a powerful connection to both the water spirit and the ancestral realm, enhancing spiritual clarity and emotional balance.

• White and red (Umnguni): Symbolizes the bond with blood ancestors, emphasizing both protection and guidance from one’s lineage.

• White and yellow (Sthunywa samanzi nesomoya): This pairing reflects a harmonious blend of intuition and purity, inviting positive energies and spiritual insight.

• White and black (Ubugedla, mkhosi, umndau): Represents a strong defence against negativity while maintaining a connection to the spiritual realm, providing both protection and enlightenment.

In modern times, ubuhlalu has transcended its traditional boundaries. While still deeply rooted in spiritual practices, these beads have also found their way into contemporary fashion and self-expression. Younger generations incorporate traditional designs into everyday wear, creating a bridge between past and present. Each bead tells a story of heritage, spirituality, and personal growth.